ADDRESS
BY AMBASSADOR MIKE MANSFIELD
JAD~N - u~W~II ~CONOMIC COUNCIL
SAPPORO
OCTOBER 7 I 1981
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GQVER~OR DOGAKINAL GOVERNOR ~RIYOSHL MAYOR ITAGAKI ~~A1'"ANA 8f
('1' · (3E.1\. . lt&G ..Q I ~UUP. ll,_c.•tt•"'C.'•' f't,.,. OkttA ,H•A,·o-. T07o AA r • GE~TLEMEN OF niE JAPAN-HAWAII ECONOMIC COUNCIL. "' I',-,A·..1MAI
AMERICANS ALWAYS ENJOY COMING TO HOKKAIDO BECAUSE OF THE
FEELING OF "FRONTIER" IN THIS PART OF JAPAN. JUST AS AMERICA'S
LAST FRONTIER WAS IN THE WEST, JAPAN'S LAST FRONTIER WAS IN
HOKKAIDO. As A WESTERNER MYSELF, COMING FROM MONTANA, A STATE
WITH VAST WHEAT FARMS, RUGGED MOUNTAIN RANGES AND CLEAR BLUE
SKIES, I AM STRUCK BY THE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN OUR TWO REGIONS.
SAPPORO, WITH ITS BROAD TREE-LINED AVENUES AND GRID-LIKE CITY
PLAN, ALSO HAS MORE OF AN AMERICAN FEELING ABOUT IT THAN MOST
JAPANESE CITIES. THUS, I ALWAYS FEEL VERY MUCH AT HOME WHEN t/t e.
PLANE CIRCLES TO LAND AT CHITOSE AIRPORT.
EVEN THOUGH THIS AUDIENCE COULD BE CHARACTERIZED AS MAINLY
ECONOMIC IN ITS ORIENTATION, I AM GOING TO REFRAIN TODAY FROM
GIVING WHAT MIGHT BE CALLED A PURELY ECONOMIC SPEECH. INSTEAD,
I'D LIKE TO TALK ABOUT MANAGING THE PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE U.S.
AND JAPAN. BOTH IN GOVERNMENT AND IN BUSINESS WE TEND TO BECOME
SO ENGROSSED IN THE SPECIFICS OF OUR DAILY ACTIVITIES THAT WE
OFTEN OVERLOOK THIS ASPECT OF OUR RELATIONSHIP. FAILURE NOW AND
AGAIN TO STEP BACK AND CONSIDER FUNDAMENTALS CAN COMPLICATE BOTH
COUNTRIES' EFFORTS TO ENHANCE MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING.
Mike Mansfield Papers, Series 32, Box 2, Folder 23, Mansfield Library, University of Montana
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As WE KNOW FROM THE PRESS, HOWEVER, ECONOMICS, AND
PARTICULARLY TRADE, TEND TO DOMINATE U.S.-JAPAN RELATIONS. THIS
IS NOT SURPRISING GIVEN THE HIGH D(GREE OF ECONOMIC
INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND JAPAN. THIS FACT
HAS BEEN DISCUSSED, ANALYZED, AND TALKED ABOUT ON BOTH SIDES OF
THE PACIFIC. VARIOUS GOVERNMENTAL AND PRIVATE GROUPS HAVE
SPELLED OUT THE PROBLEMS AND, LESS FREQUENTLY, THE BENE~ITS THAT
ACCRUE TO BOTH COUNTRIES BECAUSE OF THIS INTERDEPENDENCE, AND
HAVE PUT FORTH THEIR SUGGESTIONS FOR INFLUENCING THE FUTUqE
COURSE OF OUR BILATERAL ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP. THERE CAN BE NO
DOUBT ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE THAT TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES HAS
FOR JAPAN. AND AGAIN, THERE CAN BE NO DOUBT ABOUT THE BENEFITS
TO THE U.S. FROM TRADE WITH JAPAN.
THE UNITED STATES AND JAPAN HAVE DEVELOPED THE LARGEST
-BILATERAL OVERS~AS TRADING RELATIONSHI 0 IN THE HISTORY Of +HE W-ORLD. TWO-WAY TRADE BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES IS NOW OVER $51 BILLION A YEAR AND GROWING RAPIDLY. OUR EXPORTS TO JAPAN
INCREASED BY 35 PERCENT IN 1979 AND BY 18 PERC~NT IN 1980, WE
SHIP ENORMOUS AMOUNTS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS--$6.lBILLION WORTH
IN 1980--AND RAW MATERIALS. EXPORTS OF MANUFACTURED GOODS BY THE
' U.S. TO JAPAN HAVE INCREASED--ALBEIT MORE SLOWLY. NEVERTHELESS,
WE SELL SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNTS OF HIGH TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT, SUCH AS
AIRCRAFT AND COMPUTER EQUIPMENT. NEED HARDLY POINT OUT THE
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VOLUME OF JAPANESE EXPORTS FLOWING IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION TO
MY COUNTRY. AMERICAN CONSUMERS RECOGNIZE THE QUALITY OF JAPANESE
GOODS AND HAVE RESPONDED IN A FASHION THAT AMOUNTS TO THE
SONY-IZATION OF THE AMERICAN SCENE.
BUT JAPAN IS MUCH MORE TO THE UNITED STATES THAN OUR MAJOR
OVERSEAS TRADING PARTNER. JAPAN IS OUR C..L..O..S.E.. FRIEND AND STAUNCH
ALLY. OUR CLOSE SECURITY RELATIONSHIP HAS NEVER BEEN BETTER; WE
HAVE EMBARKED IN COOPERATIVE SCIENTIFIC EFFORTS, MOST RECENTLY IN
ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; AND CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL FLOWS CONTINUE
TO ENRICH BOTH OUR NATIONS. OUR CLOSE POLITICAL RELATIONSHIP IS
TESTIFIED TO BY THE FREQUENT CONSULTATIONS BETWEEN JAPANESE AND
AMERICAN LEADERS ON ALL MAJOR INTERNATIONAL ISSUES AND THE WARM
......
RELATIONSHIP THAT PRESIDENT REAGAN AND PRIME MINISTER SUZUKI
ESTABLISHED AT THEIR MAY SUMMIT MEETING IN WASHINGTON.
GIVEN THE PRESENT EXCELLENT STATE OF U.S.-JAPAN RELATIONS IN
ALL FIELDS, WHY THEN, YOU MAY ASK, DO I WISH TO FOCUS ON
MANAGEMENT OF OUR PARTNERSHIP? DURING MY TENURE AS AMERICAN
AMBASSADOR IN JAPAN, I HAVE BEEN AWARE OF THE CONSTANT NEED OF
BOTH COUNTRIES TO DEEPEN, TO STRENGTHEN AND TO SUCCESSFULLY
MANAGE THEIR RELATIONSHIP, FOR I FIRMLY BELIEVE THAT THERE IS NO
MORE IMPORTANT BILATERAL ~ELATIONSHIP IN THE WORLD TODAY THAN
THAT WHICH EXISlS BETWEEN OUR TWO COUNTRIES. HOWEVER, SUCH A
CLOSE COOPERATIVE RELATIONSHIP IS BOUND TO BREED PROBLEMS. EVEN
THE BEST OF FRIENDS HAVE DISAGREEMENTS AND, INDEED, SHARING SUCH
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EXPERIENCES IF RESOLVED IN A MUTUALLY SATISFACTORY FASHION, CAN
LEAD TO A MORE MATURE AND HONEST UNDERSTANDING OF EACH OTHER.
HOWEVER, TO KEEP SUCH DISAGREEEMENTS FROM GETTTING OUT OF HAND,
ONE MUST EXERCISE CONSTRUCTIVE ~ANAGEMENT OF PROBLEMS.
ALBERT EINSTEIN SAID THAT CHOPPING WOOD IS SATISFYING BECAUSE
YOU SEE THE RESULTS OF YOUR WORK IMMEDIATELY. HE WAS RIGHT.
INDEED, OVER THE PAST FEW YEARS, JAPAN AND THE U.S. HAVE,
TOGETHER, CHOPPED THROUGH SEVERAL BIG PILES OF WOOD. THAT THE
U.S. AND JAPAN HAVE INVARIABLY WORKED TOGETHER TO ADDRESS
BILATERAL PROBLEMS AND GLOBAL ISSUES CANNOT BE OVERSTRESSED.
ACTIONS WE HAVE BOTH TAKEN HAVE TODAY PRODUCED THIS PERIOD OF
EXCELLENCE IN OUR BILATERAL AFFAIRS. LET ME RECAPITULATE:
WE REACHED AGREEMENT EARLIER THIS YEAR TO EXTEND THE
COVERAGE OF THE MTN GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT CODE TO
TELECOMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT PURCHASES BY NTT. U.S.
EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS ARE TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THIS
OPENING;
THIS PAST SPRING, JAPAN SUCCESSFULLY DE~USED
PROTECTIONIST SENTIMENT IN THE U.S. OVER THE AUTOMOBILE
PROBLEM BY VOLUNTARILY RESTRAINING ITS EXPORTS UNDER A
THREE-YEAR PROGRAM. THIN~ THAT THE JAPANESE
GOVERNMENT'S ACTIONS WERE STATESMANLIKE AND SHOWED
SENSITIVITY TO THE SITUATION IN THE U.S.;
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JUST LAST WEEK, THE lJ,S, AND JAPAN AGREED TO ACCELERATE
THE REDUCTION OF TARIFF LEVELS FOR SEMI-CONDUCTORS
NEGOTIATED DURING THE MTN. THIS DECISION IS A PRIME
EXAMPLE OF SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT BECAUSE IT ANTICIPATED
A POTENTIAL PROBLEM AND D~VISED A SOLUTION BEFORE ANY
CONFLICT AROSE.
As BUSINESSMEN YOU ARE AWARE THAT MANAGEMENT IN THE PRIVATE
SECTOR REQUIRES THE CAPACITY TO MOTIVATE PEOPLE TOWARD ACHIEVING
A DESIRED END. MANAGEMENT OF BILATERAL OR GLOBAL ISSUES REQUIRES
THIS SAME CAPACITY TO MOTIVATE PEOPLE. HOWEVER THE OBJECTIV~
MUST BE IMPLEMENTABLE. IT IS THE TASK OF MANAGERS TO DEVISE
MECHANISMS AND POLICIES FOR RESOLVING CONFLICTS AMONG CONFLICTING
OBJECTIVES. THOSE IN MANAGEMENT POSITIONS IGNORE THIS AT THEIR
OWN PERIL.
THE U.S. AND JAPAN HAVE EXCELLENT INSTITUTIONAL
ARRANGEMENTS--BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL--TO FOSTER COOPERATIVE
EFFORTS. FOR EXAMPLE, IN MID-SEPTEMBER, ANOTHER OF THE REGULAR
PERIODIC MEETINGS OF U.S. AND JAPANESE ECONOMIC OFFICIALS AT THE
SUBCABINET LEVEL WAS HELD IN WASHINGTON.
IN THESE FORA AND ELSEWHERE, JAPAN HAS BECOME A MANAGER OF
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS. As SUCH, JAPAN NO LONGER SITS BACK AND
SIMPLY RESPONDS TO THE INITIATIVES OF OTHERS, BUT HAS DEVELOPED
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PRACTICAL AND IMAGINATIVE APPROACHES TO PROBLEMS WHICH TAKE INTO
ACCOUNT NOT ONLY ITS OWN INTERESTS BUT ALSO THOSE OF ITS
PARTNERS, I BELIEVE THIS CHANGE IN JAPAN'S RELATIONSHIP WITH THE
REST OF THE WORLD IS BEGINNING TO ENTER THE PUBLIC CONSCIOUSNESS
OF THE JAPANESE PEOPLE, ONE WOULD EXPECT THATJ AS A HOMOGENEOUS
SOCIETY WITH A CONSENSUAL DECISION-MAKING PROCESSJ JAPAN MIGHT
FIND IT EASIER TO ACHIEVE PUBLIC ACCEPTABILITY OF THIS ROLE THAN
WOULD BE THE CASE IN THE PLURALISTIC ENVIRONMENT WHICH
CHARACTERIZES THE U.S, BUT WE ALL KNOW THAT BUILDING CONSENSUS
TAKES TIME AND PATIENCE; THAT IT IS AN EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS WHICH
CONSTRAINS RATHER THAN PROMOTES CHANGES,
AND IT IS HERE THAT I SEE ONE POTENTIAL DIFFICULTY IN
THE U.S.-JAPAN RELATIONSHIP AND JAPAN'S RELATIONS WITH OTHER
INDUSTRIALIZED DEMOCRACIES--THE EXPECTATIONS BY ITS PARTNERS
THAT JAPAN FULFILL A ROLE OF INCREASED INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY
ARE LIKELY TO GROW FASTER THAN THE DOMESTIC SUPPORT IN JAPAN
NECESSARY FOR IT TO CARRY OUT THESE RESPONSIBILITIES.
THE CRUCIAL TASKJ THENJ IN MANAGING FUTURE U.S.-JAPAN
RELATIONS WILL BE IN KEEPING A REASONABLE BALANCE BETWEEN - - EXPECTATIONS AND WHAT IS REALISTIC AND IMPLEMENTABLE IN JAPAN.
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THIS WILL REQUIRE FREQUENT COMMUNICATIONS AND CONSULTATION
BETWEEN OUR POLITICAL LEADERSHIP, OUR BUSINESS COMMUNITIES AND
OTHER OPINION-FORMING GROUPS IN OUR SOCIETIES. THIS IS THE VALUE
OF THE TYPE OF MEETING HERE TODAY. THIS IS THE VALUE OF
BILATERAL SUMMITS BETWEEN PRESIDENT REAGAN AND PRIME MINISTER
SUZUKI, MEETINGS BETWEEN SECRET~RY OF STATE HAIG AND FOREIGN
MINISTER SONODA, AND THE SUBCABINET MEETINGS BETWEEN ECONOMIC
OFFICIALS. THE PRIME MINISTER AND PRESIDENT REAGAN HAVE
CONCURRED ON THE MOST IMPORTANT GLOBAL AND REGIONAL POLITICAL AND
ECONOMIC ISSUES. THEY SHARE A COMMON CONCERN ABOUT SOVIET
BEHAVIOR;~E THAT THE INDUSTRIALIZED DEMOCRACIES SHOULD
COOPERATE MORE IN DEFENSE, WORLD ECONOMIC AND THIRD WORLD
DEVELOPMENT;~EE ON THE DESIRABILITY OF AN APPROPRIATE DIVISION
~
OF DEFENSE ROLES BETWEEN THE U.S. AND JAPAN; AND ~ARE RESOLVED TO
MAINTAIN A FREE TRADING SYSTEM.
AND WE ARE PLEASED THAT THROUGH SUCH EVENTS AS THE OTTAWA
SUMMIT MEETING AMONG LEADERS OF THE WESTERN INDUSTRIAL
DEMOCRACIES, JAPAN HAS EXPANDED ITS RELATIONS WITH EUROPE AND
PARTICULARLY THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY. FOR HISTORICAL REASONS THIS
RELATIONSHIP HAS BEEN MORE LOOSELY WOVEN THAN THE TIES BETWEEN
JAPAN AND THE NORTH AMERICAN DEMOCRACIES. FOR TOO LONG THE
FABRIC OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ~UROPE AND JAPAN -- WITH ITS
CONCENTRATION ON TRADE -- HAS BEEN CUT FROM TOO NARRROW A BOLT OF
CLOTH. IT HAS BEEN THE U.S.-JAPAN EXPERIENCE, AS WELL AS THE
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U.S. - EUROPE EXPERIENCE, THAT ECONOMIC ISSUES ARE MUCH MORE
EASILY RESOLVED WITH LESS CONTENTION AND CONFRONTATION IF
THEY BECOME ONE OF MANY STRANDS IN THE LARGER TEXTURE OF
RELATIONSHIPS. NOW IS THE TIME FOR JAPAN AND EUROPE TO INCREASE
AND BROADEN THE WARP AND WEFT OF THEiq RELATIONS TO EQUAL THAT
WHICH BOTH AREAS HAVE WITH THE U.S. THIS TRILATERAL RELATIONSHIP
IS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT B~CAUSE ON JAPAN, ~ORTH AMERICA AND
EUROPE REST THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR MAINTENANCE OF THE POST-WAR
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM.
I WOULD LIKE TO BRIEFLY TURN TO THE SUBJECT OF THE SECURITY
RELATIONSHIP WHICH EXISTS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND JAPAN.
OFTEN I HEAR THE DEBATE OVER DEFENSE CAST IN TERMS OF JAPAN 1S
ABILITY TO DEFEND ITS ISLANDS FROM DIRECT OUTSIDE AGGRESSION.
THIS IS INDEED IMPORTANT AND THE REALITY IS THAT JAPAN DOES NOT
HAVE, AT CURRENT FORCE AND EQUIPMENT LEVELS, THAT CAPABILITY. NOR
DOES IT HAVE THE COMMAND AND CONTROL STqUCTURE TO EFFECTIVELY USE
THEM IF IT HAD THEM. BUT WHAT STRIKES ME AS EVEN MORE IMPORTANT
IS THAT JAPAN NEVER FIND ITSELF IN THE POSITION WHERE ANY
POTENTIAL AGGRESSOR IS IN THE POSITION TO DEFINE AND LIMIT
JAPAN 1S OPTIONS. IT IS THIS POSSIBILITY WHICH IS SUBTLY SOUGHT BY
THE SOVIET UNION. THIS THREAT ALONE ARGUES FOR D-EEPENING ouq DEFENSE COOPERATION.
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I BELIEVE THERE IS RECOGNITION OF THE CONSTRAINTS FACED BY
THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT. THE CONSTITUTIONAL AND NON-NUCLEAR
CONSTRAINTS IN THE DEFENSE AREA ARE FULLY ACCEPTED BY THE U.S,,
AND LET ME EMPHASIZE ONCE AND FOR ALL THAT THE REAGAN
ADMINISTRATION ASKS NOTHING WHICH WOULD VIOLATE THEM. BUT WITHIN
THESE CONSTRAINTS, THERE IS MUCH THAT JAPAN CAN AND NEEDS TO DO
IF IT IS TRULY TO SHARE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF OUR MUTUAL SECURITY
INTERESTS. WE ARE ALSO AWARE OF THE CONSTRAINTS IMPOSED BY
JAPAN'S DOMESTIC FINANCIAL SITUATION. WE AFTER ALL, HAVE THEM AS
WELL, AND THERE ARE STRIKING SIMILARITIES IN THE WAY OUR TWO
GOVERNMENTS ARE ADDRESSING THEM.
AM HOPEFUL THAT THE IMPULSE TOWARD ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM IN
JAPAN WILL ALSO HELP ADDRESS THE QUESTION OF THE OPENNESS OF THE
JAPANESE MARKET. THERE IS JUSTIFICATION FOR THE VIEW THAT THE
JAPANESE ECONOMY IS OFFICIALLY OPEN, WITH AN AVERAGE LOW TARIFF,
FEW QUOTAS PARTICULARLY ON INDUSTRIAL GOODS AND FEW, IF ANY,
REMAINING IMPEDIMENTS TO INWARD INVESTMENT. BUT THE PERCEPTION
WHICH EXISTS IN THE U.S. AND EUROPE THAT JAPAN IS NOT AS OPEN A
MARKET AS THEIRS MUST BE OF CONTINUING CONCERN TO JAPANESE. AND
AFTER FOUR YEARS, I MUST FRANKLY SAY THAT THERE IS SOME
JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS PERCEPTION. THE U.S.-JAPAN WISEMEN'S GROUP
SAID IT BETTER THAN I CAN:
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"THE GROUP STRONGLY BELIEVES~ HOWEVER~ THAT IN ITS
OWN NATIONAL INTERESTS AND IN THE INTEREST OF A MORE
HARMONIOUS AMERICAN-JAPANESE ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP~
JAPAN SHOULD STRIVE TO SUBSTANTIALLY IMPROVE ACCESS
TO ITS MARKET AND SOCIETY AND PUBLICIZE THIS,"
I URGE THAT YOU TAKE HEED OF THAT RECOMMENDATION OF THE
WISEMEN~ PARTICULARLY THE REFERENCE NOT ONLY TO IMPROVED ACCESS
TO THE JAPANESE MARKET BUT ALSO TO JAPAN'S SOCIETY. IT IS OVER
100 YEARS SINCE THE MEIJI GOVERNMENT OPENED JAPAN~ YET THE
"IMAGE" OF A CLOSED JAPANESE SOCIETY STILL EXISTS IN THE MINDS OF
MANY EUROPEANS AND AMERICANS. JAPAN MUST STRIVE TO ERADICATE THIS
IMAGE THROUGH ITS OWN ACTIONS, THE U.S, BUSINESSMAN KNOWS HE
CAN LEARN FROM JAPAN IN AREAS SUCH AS LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS~
QUALITY CONTROL~ AND ATTENTION TO RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. IN
MY VIEW~ IT IS HEALTHY FOR BOTH SIDES TO REALIZE THEY CAN LEARN
FROM THE OTHER.
As I BELIEVE YOU ARE AWARE~ THE REAGAN ADMINISTRATION EARLY
CONCLUDED THAT ITS ABILITY TO MANAGE EFFECTIVELY U.S, GLOBAL
RESPONSIBILITY WAS BEING SERIOUSLY CONSTRAINED BY ECONOMIC
PROBLEMS AT HOME, THUS~ PUTTING OUR OWN ECONOMIC HOUSE IN ORDER
HAS BECOME THE ADMINISTRATION'S NUMBER ONE PRIORITY, ECONOMISTS
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MAY ARGUE WHETHER THE POLICIES BEING PURSUED WILL HAVE THEIR )
INTENDED EFFECT. BUT THERE CAN BE LITTLE DOUBT THAT THE POLICIES
-ARE CLEARLY ARTICULATED; THAT PRIORITIES -HAVE BEEN SET AND ADHERED TO; THAT TH~RE -IS PUBLIC ACCEPTABILITY; AND THAT THE PROGRAM -IS ON ITS WAY TO IMPLEMENTATION. IN OTHER WORDS, PUBLIC POLICY MANAGEMENT IN THE U.S. IS MARKED BY A -NEW STYLE AND A RENEWED SENSE OF PURPOSE. THIS CANNOT BUT BE W~LCOMED IN JAPAN,
FOR IT COMPLEMENTS AND SUPPORTS JAPAN'S OWN MANAGEMENT OF ITS
DOMESTIC AND GLOBAL RESPONSIBILITIES.
As THE IDEA OF EQUALITY IN OUR RELATIONS BECOMES MORE WIDELY
ACCEPTED IN BOTH OUR COUNTRIES, THE NECESSITY FOR CREATIVE,
PRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT OF ISSUES WILL GROW; MORE AND MORE AREAS OF
POTENTIAL COOPERATION WILL BE IDENTIFIED; THE PSYCHOLOGICAL BASIS
FOR EFFECTIVE COOPERATION WILL BE STRENGTHENED; AND THE IMMENSE
IMPORTANCE OF THIS RELATIONSHIP TO BOTH OUR COUNTRIES, TO ASIA
AND TO THE WORLD, WILL BE EVEN MORE OBVIOUS THAN IT IS TODAY.
IMPORTANT DicFERENCES IN OUR RESPECTIVE ROLES WILL OF COURSE
REMAIN, AS WILL SOME DIFFERENCES IN OUR GOALS AND OUR PERCEPTIONS
-- WE ARE, AFTER ALL, SOVEREIGN COUNTRIES WITH OUR OWN PECULIAR
HISTORIES AND CIRCUMSTANCES, IT IS THE TASK OF ALL OF US -NOT TO ELIMINATE DIFFERENCES, BUT TO CONTINUE TO BRIDGE THEM AND TO
INSURE THAT INSOFAR AS POSSIBLE OUR WILL AND OUR CAPACITIES
REMAIN JOINED TOGETHER. IN THAT WAY WE CAN ACCOMPLISH FAR MOqE
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FOR OUR OWN PEOPLE AND FOR THE WORLD THAN EITHER OF US COULD
HOPE TO ACHIEVE ALONE. THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES
AND JAPAN ARE ONE OF THE MOST CONSTRUCTIVE INFLUENCES OF THIS
AGE. I AM CONVINCED THAT THEY WILL ALSO PROVE AMONG THE MOST
DURABLE. J&. .J,---4 ~ ~- ~ ~ ~
~ . .,f- .#- J.·• • .J-..
;-- ~- ~, .u;
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