The Flathead Courier 1919

              ATHEA
.«*•
VOLUME 9
\,
POLSON, FLATHEAD COUNTY, MONTANA, TiiURSDAY,  JANUARY 2, 1919
J V.'■..-v*".
A	
"""Dumber 39
bicf
Ml SE UTAI
Bitburg,  Gurmany
Dec's, 19 i8
Dear Father:
I thought you would like a letter
J. G. Wood of Bigfork was in Pol- \ telling something about things over
aon this week making arrangements ncre since' we can tell where we ai%
for the Twenty-Second Annual Ses-'and what has happened,
sion. of the Montana Horticultural! I may as well start from the begin-
Association which is to be held in Pol-' ning and tell the whole thing, because
son January 21, 22, 23 and 24th. Tim' it may be a long time yet before I get
State   Agricultural    Association    has h°me to tell it,
.Joined  with  the  Fruit  Growers  and'    You know about what time we came i
will  hold  a four-day farmers' insti-' across.   We left camp about eight o'-
tute.    Some  of  the  best speakers  in clock one morning after working nearly
the stale will be present at tho moot-: all night packing things up.    We were j
ings.    Mr. Wood, who was responsi- f "Uy equipped, all had our packs roll-!
The guaranteed price of wheat for      After   an   illness   that   covered   aJ-,      -
the 1919 crop stands, |by the terms of ^'ost her entire residence in  Poison,;    ™„ ..„ *. +     ,,    „        t.      .   ,,    j...        .        . „ ,     ,
the Lever Act under which the United Mrs. Ira H. McClymonds, wife of Rev." The get-together" meeting held at| these two places. Prom remarks drop
States Food Administration is opera- McClymonds, Pastor of the First Pres- j Ronan Thursday for the purpose of pedby residents of Ronan during this
ting. This statement was made by .byterian church of Poison, passed to .?«"*»* on a/lan of workmgr tor fight, it was learned that one of the
the United States FoodAdministra- .«» Great Beyond in the early mo^^e creation of anew county of the mam reasons they were so anxious
tion December 4       / '        of December 30th. j territory embraced in the former Flat-  to     get    the   county    bill     through
■    The    President's    proclamation    of!     Funeral services  were held  at the ■'h«ad  Jnd,an  reservation,  °nded   in   a ^
September  2,   1918,   stated   that  the First Presbyterian,   church    on New!   wf\  °ver the    «™«™.    °* ^"J-j
"producers of wheat produced' within I Years day at 2:00 o'clock P. M. Kev;c<^dha™ been a real live.county but
the United States  .       . for the cropper of the M. E. church and Rev.,whlch   *>*iy   «   **   deadest   county
of   1919"  are  guaranteed   the   prices M*m of the Paptist church offlciat. dmsion scheme in  he country     It had
therein set forth, $2.26 per bushel at J mg     The   following   obituary   bemff jbeen exf£ed tha;.there ™ukl .b« « , tll ,   , •
Chicago, and the end of the" war or given by the former: j strong fight over the location ot the j concerned there was but one issue and
the proclamation of peace does not in      "Uernice Elizabeth daughter of Mr.  temporary county seat and the support,' that, that Ronan bo.named the county
any  way  effect this guaranty. ! and  Mrs.  McCamey,  Eauclair,  Penn- f» of Dixon, Pablo a»d Poison went, seat.    For that reason they put up and
o   *•     nA   * 4.1.   t a  j. -j    i Rvivmii   wna tim-n" in  Hip tf-imp  ritv lnto the convention with the  resolve
,.   ,       -., ,,   ;     Section 24 of the Lever Act provides  syuania, was Dorn in  tne same city . .   i
ble for Poison  being selected as the ed  exactly alike,  all  dressed exactly ; „That the provisions of thig act sha]ijon the 16th day of August 1886.    She to work ±or thc,r towns w,th a11 tno,ri
meeting place at the last annual meet- alike, and, if I do say it, we were a I t   ;be j    effect when the exist_ graduated from High School and Nor-.'might but to ablde by what tne major-
v    9m mg state of war between the United'™! and followed the teaching profes-:% decided   and  to  do  nothing thut|
States and Germany shall have lerm.Jsion until a-year before her marriage would not be fair    But it was learn-
nated and the fact and date of suchj.to   Rev.   Ira   H.   McClymonds.    They ed,_ even   before  the  convention   was.
this year, was the ('car that Pablo
would soon be a larger place that.the
village on  Spring  Creek.
It developed, in a few minutes after
the convention was called to order,
that as far as the Ronan bunch was
ing of the society, has assurance that pretty fine looking Company 250
every person on the program will be t strong. We marched about two miles
present. The program has also bean; to the railroad and got loaded. We
arranged so that if there are persons pulled out about 11 o'clock that night,
elected, by the running in of a number of bogus delegates, Addison Lusk
as chairman. Lusk has had consider-
abe experience in stealing conventions
and understands all of the tricks of
unscruplous   politicians,   but   was   so
    *-  • ";:- "7-"rr"i "i —•"-•«" »*«•"> termination  shall be ascertained and! were married in Great Falls, Montana called, that the men who own the town- j raw in his decisions that at one time
interested  who will be unable to at- getting into Hoboken, N. J. early the nvnnlo.;rvl„^ ,,„ +ll„ r, :,,.„4.. i ..^ «. - < ~-  a —n on   •. m /-• site of Ronan were not interested in j it looked as though the meeting would
proclaimed by the President; but the; on April 20, 1916
tend all the meetings, but wish to hear next morning and we lost no time get
lectures along certain lines of agr-icul-  ting aboard our ship.    It was a con , ,   , . , A
\,   ,  i, ... ,,,,,,        i.   i   c    -j.    t • i     u  ™  r   i.;any act done, or any right or obhen-
ture, that they will be able to select verted   fruit  steamer about  500 feet    . J . ,,,   ,       TJ. J
.   .     , ,      i    ii .i     .  ii     i mu   i    i i   -ii. 2,-u        i       ;tion accruing or accrued," etc.    Tt fur-
one certain day and get a 1 the talks long.    The beds were built three deep' ,      —. •      r,   . <<A„    . , . ,. , ...
' A        ...'-,      ,. ,,,.,.      j .4.1     i.-i i     -        v    -u       j 4.    ther states that "All rights or liab:h •
pn that particular line on that date, down in the hold wnere fruit used to  ...      ,      ...        ,    • ..      ,   ,
„      . , .       '.     -.,     ,   ..      i " ■    i.    ,4       i     mi 4.-1 4.-      ties under this act arising before  it.;
:Special  sessions  for the  ladies have be Stored.    There was no ventilation ^_._.__1.::_ _,._„ ...    ■        ,
been provided, which will be conduct- at all hardly and it was a pretty unin.
termination of this act shall not effect!    Bernice Elizabeth McClymonds has'41 new county half as much as   l.heyj break up in a row, it being fully ten
found the city of celestial joy and can were  in  boosting  the  price  of  their j minutes before he could get the. house
realize that "death is the golden key I°ts> and  to do this were willing tojto come to order.    This was after a
to the palace of eternity." 'use any means, no matter how crook- roll liad been called  on the question
She leaves to mourn her loss, her ea"f to advertise  that  their town had! of voting for county seat by ballot,
termination shall continue and may ho {husband,' her    daughter 21    months been named the county    seat.      The j which was carried by a vote of 75 to
..  ..... r K„..^»- -..-.. —v.., -.„..., «„ » i»«bJ, UI..44- the'same manner as i if tin! old, whom we all more than love, her methods adopted by these men were! 71.    When Lusk saw that the motion
ed   by   SVite   Demonstration   Agent, v.ting look.ng place,  but we cleaned _..t ^ ^ (:erminated „ ;j ^^   her   brother   Lieut<   Kenneth so unfair and rotten, that even their'had carried he knew that meat that
The  guaranty  for  the   1919  wheat;'ilVlcCaniey  who  is  a  doctor with the own  delegations wore  disgusted, and j Ronan had lost, for the only way that
■- --—=----   T       -   j— iArmy in France, another brother who and, if the question could have been j Scearce and Brower could keep some
lis a commercial traveler, one sister voted on by ballot, Ronan would have j of their delegates in line was to see
[and a very devoted aunt Mrs. Lydia been badly beaten even after they had; how they voted, so Lusk absolutely
J Cochran, who has been not only aunt packed the convention, / bribed dele-1 refused to allow the clerk to announce
*but a mother to Mrs. McClymonds for gates, and resorted to other tactics j the vote and call for a new vote. When
1 many years. which would have made    a  Tamany | this roll was called, the Ronan boost-
Miss Garber, assisted by the County it up the best we could, and got used
Demonstration Agents from Missoula to^the rest of it.    A little later three
and  Flathead counties,  Misses  Olson  Companies of the 20th Engineers came cl:op exP'res June 1> 192°-
and   Wood.    Thi*ee   excellent  evening aboard,  making about  1400  men  all
sessions  are  arranged  for,  first,  the told.      About  three  o'clock  the  next
Farm Bureau play, "The Long Trail," afternoon we were all put below deck
on the second evening, by illustrated and the ship pulled out into harbor.
lectures  from  Dr.   M.  J.  Elrod,  and We were kept below until after dark.
Prof. R. A. Cooley, and on the third About  eight  o'clock  we  started  ouU
wiiii ©ii
The Red Cross room will be open for'     Mr3, MuClymonds from the time she Ward boss blush with shame. j ers  applied  their whips to the  dele-
evening, by addresser from Dean A. and when it got daylight in the morn- business Tuesday,'January 2.    All who' canie here has been failmR' in health,      Steam   roller   tactics   of   the   most1 gates who  had  dared  to  go  against
L. Stone and Dr.E. O. Sisson of Mis- ing we were out of sight of land with have work, either sewing or knitting,! so that onlv a few had tlle P!easm'e  contemptible   sort  were   shown   from'them, and made them stand up and bo
soula.   An  apple   show  will   also  be no other ships in sight.    During the are urged to turn it in if possible on of knowing her.    She was always  a the minute the meeting was called to counted as a  result that on the next
held, and that there will be a good ex- day, however, we picked up two other  that  date. ; young    woman    of great    Christian order by A.  J.  Brower, and allowed ; vote the motion was defeated by half
hibit   is   vouched  for  by  Mr.   Wood, ships   and   a   cruiser.    That  was  the    _       _     _ ; grace.    It was her joy before her ill- eight votes to be cast by a  precinct a vote.    After this deliberate over-rid-
Hotel   and   rooming   accomodations size  of- our  convoy  until  about four "       •~"~Trrr-^^~■—.■::-      ..      _.. .... •• ^ ness to attend Sunday School, morning which was only entitled to four, until i ing 0f the will  of the majority, the
assured for all who attend. days  from   France,  when  seven  des- was interpret the dope on them and. W0l:shiP' Epworth League and evening the final big steal when Addison Lusk anti-Ronan delegates saw that the new
The domestic department of the troyers met us. Then the cruiser other men put it on the maps. I liked'Rervi?0, Sne was, very accomplished refused to recognize either of three dele j county had been effectually killed, for
high school will, "be open for the ac- turned back, and the destroyers pilot- that pretty well as it was interesting. ','and wel1 ec1u'iPPed to be a pastor's gates who were on the floor attempt- it was all so rotten that there was no
comodation of all those bringing lunch ed us into Brest-. We -had .quite ~a lot. I was still there when the fighting-'wife- Somehow, she did not have the ing to have their votes recorded, and chance of ever getting togelht-r to
The girls of that department will serve 0f rough weather, but I wasn't sick stopped. After that I was transfer^^ of aevvioc f(?r fl- year or-.two but called for a new roll call, and then,!work for a county this year. Almost
hot coffee. at all.    The food was poor, but out- red to the 3rd  Army,  the  Army  of >X  know  she  Xvi11   be  buSy  about tha  findin8-  that  one   of   the   tellers  had, without exception-the delegates from
Ample garage accomodations will side of that I didn't mind the trip at Occupation. We have a train of eight Master's business in the land of rest made a mistake, giving Ronan a ma-'ganders county went on record in the
be found for all those coming in auto- all. We marched through Brest and trucks with us now. We came and •''"' before the Eternal Presence, jority, declared that that place had; convention as against going into the
mobiles. : about three miles outside to some old through Ligny, west of Toul.    From  As'shn    ilid sometime before passing been named the county seat. : new COiinty and they went home more
Following is a complete list of the  Barracks   built     by   Napoleon.      We there through Souilly, Verdun, Etain   away-  l ■ ill soon be able to have rest'      Harmony and unity of action was determined than ever to fight the pro-
speakers who will appear on the pro- slept  on  a  concrete floor there  two'Longuyon, Longwy, Luxembourg and'     Inht' '5.issing away the city, as well what the Ronan bunch said they vvant--jposition.    So disgustd were the dele-
gram during the session: nights,  then  marched back  to  Brest ended up here at the city of Bitburg   as the °" irr:h' has raet an irreParable,ed- and then the3' Proceeded to insiiltgates from the south end of, Missoula
Johnson,    Mrs.    E. A.,    Hamilton, an'd got on the train.    From there w» There is a wide belt of country this loss-    Th '  "'orld was better for her and 'P10™ the delegates who <lid not C0Unty  that petitions  are  now  being
' President   of   Montana   Horticultural went to Langres about 60 mies from  side of Verdun where there has been!:havinff livcd in 5'" "ltnou«'h her stay agree with them-    This not only aP"  signed   by   the   peope   residing   from
Society.                                                        the Swiss border.    We layed over one so  much fighting that everything is as a Pastor's wife vrns very short.      plied to Poison delegates, but to the   post   Creek   south   against;  it.    This
Lott,  Elmo,   Bozema^i,   Asst.   State day at Degion.    We landed at Langres dead.    The!trees are all shot to pieces'     Gur hearts and 0ur hve S° °Ut '"" rePresentat»ves from Dixon and Pablo wjh  eliminate St.  Ignatius and Rav-
Leader County Agents.                             about 3:00 A. M. and it Was raining and the country is all plowed up with' day to these faithful rncs who have for, while it was a foregone coiidusion   alu>    The   noHh     rnd   of     Missoula
Quaw, Miss Mignon, Bozeman, Asst. to beat the band.    We had to march trenches, dugouts and shell holes. The £'ven  of their time anil  atren"<fch to that Poison was the strongest contest- t.ounty   will   also   he   oppose!   to   the
State Leader Farm Bureau Organiza- up a big hill through the rain for the  villages  are   leveled    right   to'   the make her life happy.    Tho service of ant  for  the  temporary   county   scat, movement,  while  Flathead  will   fight
tion.                                                         .     town is fortified with a wall around it. ground.    The Luxemburg people were these ,oved ones wil1 reap a reward  the   delegates   from   this   place   were the measure to a  finish almost to a
Erhart, Louis M., Stevensville.         /By the time we got up there we \vori> surely glad to see  us, andI we have at the Fat"er's hand." .willing  and   fought   on   the   floor  to nian.    jn this end there has been no
V/hipple,. Prof.     O.    B.,   Bozeman, all in, not having had any sleep for furnished them a regular circus, fheyi     A choir composed as follows: Miss keep the names of the other two towns real desire for a county division this
Horticulturist,     Agricultural' Experi- three nights, so we flopped down on a line up to watch us eat as if it were' Mork'   Miss   Harberfc>     Mrs-   Lyman, before the convention,  but  so  afraid year, so the failure to reach an agreement Station,                                            concrete floor and slept until seven, feeding the animals    at a Zoo.     On Mrs- ?"mer> A- B- Salter alld p- O-^were the Ronan bunch of losing that men will not be much of a disappoint-
Thornber, Prof. Corvallis, Director, We started to different schools there.   Thanksgiving   day   every   family   in- "peace   Perfect  Peace,"   "My   Father they fought to  a   man,  to  eliminate ment.
Sub-Station.
it being a large American Base Train- vited an American soldier to dinner, i Knows" and "Beautiful Isle of Some-
Harlaii, W. B., Co mo, Pioneer Fruit [ng station.    We learned all about the Lots of the fellows can speak German; where."
Grower.
Copeland,  Prof,    A.  J.,    Bozeman.
Asst. Agronomist, Agri.-Exn. Stali ;..
French method of making maps and a- so they get along fine.     ' i.   After the services the body was re-
' bout Aeroplane Photos. We left Luxemburg Tuesday morn-j turned to the DawsOn Parlors where
About CTune  20th, I was  sent  out ing early and it took us all  dav to1* wil1 rest until tne bereaved family
Ivaufman,  Prof.   H.   H.,    Kalispell,' with a mapping outfit with four trucks  come this far.      The road was muddy jare ready to make the long journey
Prof,  of
School.
Eckstein, Mary E., Kalispell, Supt.
of Schools Flathead'Co.
Science,  Flathead  Co.  IIi;y!i  One truck had a printing press on it and there were a million trucks c0:ii-i to the old home in the cast.-
iso we could draw    and  print    maps ing and going.    We got stuck in the |
wherever we  were.    We  went  to  La mud  once. and  had   to   have  another
Ferte   aiifj   Sous   Jouarre,   about   12 truck pull us out.    I was on the truck
Abbie, M. J., Bozeman, State Lead- mjies below Chateau Thierry.    While that came ahead of the rest of our outer Boys' and Girls' Clubs.                      -we were there we got our first taste fit  and  we  had  all  of  the  drafting
Sisson, Dr. O. E., Missoula, Presi-  0f  war>    We. could  hear    the    guns supplies.    We got here about 7:30 P.!
dent University of Montana.                  ;every night, and one night the Dutch- M. and two of us had to unload the'
Parker, F. E., Bozeman, Asst. Ento- men came over and dropped bombs in truck and carry everything up three1
mologist, Agri. Exp. Station.                  town.    They  blew  the   R.   R.  station flights   0f  stairs to  our  work   room, j
Fuller,  F.   E.,     Bozeman,     Alfalfa au  to  pieces and  one bomb  dropped We were about all in, for we hadn't;
Specialist, Agri. Exp; Station.              (about  ono  hundred   yards   from   our had any dinner and had to unload be-,:
_ _^. .'.._ —               ;billet.
FEDERAL  MEAT-INSPECTION        ^'L , T ,.oon wc.lt fco sleep again, found our billet.
iifiL
Mm
Class A. Single display boxes. j     At the regular meeting of the West-
Lot 1    Mcintosh   Valuable    premium ern Montana Fish and Game associa-
offered  by  Butte  Commission   Firms. I tion, hed last night at the chamber of
; Second $5.00. ! commerce, a committee was appointed
'2.  Deticious, First $5.00 .Second 92.50 [ consisting of W. M. Bickford and T.
3. Wagener, First $5.00 Second $2.50; N. Marlowe to present to the state leg-
4. Jonathan, First $5.00 Second $2.50; islature the following resolutions:
5. Snow First $5.00 Second $2.50      "That  the     nms™t.  ,i„^iv  l
Washington,
That the present duck law be
0 Northern Spy, $5.00 Second $2.50'changed to conform with the federal
7. King- First $5.00 Second $2.50,aw  which  wfll  extend  the season to
  8. Rome Beauty,       $5.00 Second $2.50 January  1st.   instead  of  Deceber     1-
9. Winter Banana, $5.00 Second $2.50 that the  legislature, be asked to V
.    ,.      ,4    ,1   n ii   i. j-i      ■, ^ •     -■— o--,     Dec.   26.—Immediate      Glass  B.    PlateExhil.il. -    -. propriat     "
,   thought, all   Hell  had  been fore supper.    But we made it all right, legislation  authorizing resumption of 1- Mcintosh       $1.00 ,$i0 000
locao lore a riinute   but as I and  after  that  we  got  supper    mid, voluntary enlistment in the army, and 2. Delicious . .•       ?j .00 Establishing   nurseries   for" th"p   tm.,t
,n wcat to sleep again, found our billet.    We are billeted with j the repeal of provisions of the selec- 3. Wagener         % 1.00 fry ad $J 000Tr the ourn 1 of Z
FIGURES ARE GIVEN  The ne,t nigh!', the Boche she ed our a German family.    There are only the tive service act limiting enlistments to 4. Jonathan ;....      $1.00 ting the  .TolvinnScreens  in lL
  ammunition dump nnar tojvn all night, old man, the oW lady and a boy about the period of the war, was urged today 5. Snow       $1.00 tion ditches• thnt all forestrv X i ,1 •
The  Federal   meat-inspection   ser- The shells landed every five minutes, ten or twelve Vears old.    They treat by Secretary Baker in    a  letter    to «. Northern Spy        $1.00 De made exoffiric^ ^mfwnr .pm«   H !f
vice covered 884 establishments in 253 but most of the ammunition hag been US all right,  invited  us  in  to where; Chairman Dent of the house military 7. King        $1.00' bull trout 'be nut
cities and towns in the fiscal year 191S. removed so it was more or less of a they.live, and the old lady washed our, committee. 8. Rome Beauty       $1.00
i propriate from  the  state game fund
one-half for the  purpose  of
was dovpy I
india:-:
The figures are in the annual report joke on the Germans.    When the big mess kits for us.    Two of the fellows,     Without the legislation,    Secretary 9. Winter Banana
of the Secretary of Agriculture. drive  started July  18th.  I  was with could speak German so we had quite! Baker said, the army after the pro- 10. Seedling	
There  were   slaughtered   under   in-ltb-j 1st Corps and we vsr.; with the a chat.    We have a good bed to sleep! c]anlati0n- of  peace  would   not  have
spection.   10,938,287   cattle,   3.323*07!)  drive.    Nearly  every  nigiu vlhe  Ger- jn and I like it all right, that is, ns;suffic;ent forces to  perform essential
calves; 8,769,498 sheep; 149,503 goats  r.ians   were   flying   around   dropping far as "all right" goes over here.    T|miiitary  duties,   including   the   polic-
and 35,449,247 swine—a total of 58,- bombs.    We were    :ui;illsd    with gas will be mighty glad when we start forinig. 0f the Mexican border.
029,612 animals.   Compared with the shells several different times.   When home though.   There are a few wild j    "This legislation in urgently neces-
preceding   fiscal   year,   these   figures we got up to Fere Jardnais the 1st rumors that the 29th men are going sary," he   wrote, "because   as   soon
represent a decline of 5,000,000 in the Corps was pulled out and we went home before long, but I can't believe jafter' the proclamation of peace as the
total number of ariimals, but an in- back to La Ferte.   I was then trans- jt hardly.   I don't    know    what we'
crease of nearly 1,750,000 cattle and ferred to the First Army, which had would  do  though,   I  shouldn't think
more  than  600,000  calves.    Condem-'just been formed.   It took over the they would need any more maps,
nations amounted to 206,265 animals | Toul  Sector and Hdq. was at Neuf     Well, I will write whenever I can
or carcasses and 528,481 parts of car-j Chateau.   There were a few air raids and let you folks know how I am got-
casses.   Thd supervision of meats and there but it was awfully monotonous, ting along, and keep you posted as to
on the sale list the
same as the whitefish ;i: and that the
$1.00 deer season be changed to read from
$1.00 October 15 to December 15:"
Bring your  unknown   varieties  and      The old season reads from October 1
learn their names. to   December  1.—Missoulian.
wc.;
TO
VN   LIVES ,
BE 103  YEARS OL[)
FIRST
products prepared and processed covered 7j905,184,924 pounds and resulted in the condemnation of 17,543,184
pounds. There were certified for export 2,510,446;802 pounds of mat and
meat food products.
existing emergency will permit those
After  the   St.   Mihiel  drive  the  2nd where  I  am.    So   will   quit   for   thi«
Army was formed with Headquarters time.
at Toul and'I was transferred there. Your son
I worked with Aeroplane Photos there Edgnr.
entirely.   I had become more or less Corp. E. C. Davidson
of an expert in that line so all I did ,    O-2-C Hdq. 3rd U. S. Army, A. E. F,
PNESBYTEK'IAN
CHURCH   SERVICES
Sunday Jan. 5. 1919
Marie Pil' :-r«, an aged Indian woman' Sabbath School will convene at the
who have enlisted or been drafted to died on Den ruber 10, at the home of usual time. Let us startthe new year
serve during the emergency, must all her daugh';>v. Mrs. August Finley. with a good attendance.
in accordance with the law be dis- just north. i>f Ronan. She was 103 Tiev. Dr. Sloan will be'here to con-
charged, years old and her death was entirely duct- the Morning Church Services in
"The only men who will remain in the' result of old age. Burial was addition to Communion Service. After
the service are those men enlisted in made on the Finley place near the the usual services it is quite likely
the regular army on or prior to April head of Spring Creek, with Indian that a business meeting will be held
1, 1917, and whose enlistments have ceremonial, attended by a large num- with Dr. Sloan presiding. As this
not yet expired. This small number ber of friends and relatives. Mrs. Pi- meeting is very important it is hoped
has been cut down by casualties and loue was one of the oldest residents that all members of the Church will
r.'.-her vHs.«itudcs * * *."                        on the Flathead.—Ronan Pioneer.        jbe present.
.31